How Sauron Fed the Armies of Mordor

Desolate fields under smoky skies

Most people imagine Mordor as a place where nothing could grow. That impression is understandable. When the story takes us inside the Black Land, we see ash, choking dust, stone, slag-heaps, marching roads, pits, cliffs, and the long shadow of the Dark Tower. It looks like a realm built only for destruction.  And yet that … Read more

What Faramir and Tolkien Had in Common

Faramir in Ithilien's hidden refuge

Most discussions of Faramir and Tolkien begin with a single line from a letter. “As far as any character is ‘like me’, it is Faramir.” It is one of the most quoted remarks attached to The Lord of the Rings, and for good reason. It sounds direct. Final. Almost like an answer already complete.  But … Read more

Why Pippin Does Not Question the Flying Nazgul

The Nazgûl's descent over Dol Baran

Most readers remember the flying Nazgûl as one of the moments when the War of the Ring suddenly becomes more frightening. The Black Riders had already been dreadful enough. They had hunted Frodo across the Shire.They had ridden openly as servants of terror.They had filled roads, borders, and dark places with dread. But once the … Read more

Why Gandalf Didn’t Know What the Palantir Was

Guardians of the shattered tower

When Pippin looks into the dark stone taken from Orthanc, the scene turns at once from triumph to danger. Until that moment, Saruman has been broken, Isengard has fallen, and the company seems, for a brief instant, to have gained an unexpected prize. Then the stone answers. And the question that follows has bothered readers … Read more